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<doi>576-cd</doi>
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<article-title>Information- and Cyber-Security Practices as Inhibitors to Digital Safety</article-title>
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<author>John Eidar Simensen<sup>a</sup> and Bj&#248;rn Axel Gran<sup>b</sup>  </author>

<aff>Risk, Safety and Security, Institute for Energy Technology, Halden, Norway. </aff>

<email><a href="mailto:John.Eidar.Simensen@ife.no"><sup>a</sup>John.Eidar.Simensen@ife.no</a></email>

<email><a href="mailto:Bjorn.Axel.Gran@ife.no "><sup>b</sup>Bjorn.Axel.Gran@ife.no </a></email>

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<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p>Every year experience increased focus on cyber -information -security (CIS) from government, official organizations, private industries, and research and academia. As awareness on CIS improves in society, requirements to stakeholders become more numerous and more detailed. The natural response has been to develop CIS as a specialized field, resulting in digital safety and digital security separating into more distinct silos. The paper presents the authors experiences from safety and security analysis and development activities across last 20 years from a range of critical domains with focus on successes and challenges in addressing safety and security. Shared experiences indicate that CIS as a topical area has become both more important, but also more distinct in that it is addressed isolated. The identified challenges are discussed and a set of mitigations to prevent the (self)-alienation of security in safety are provided. The result is a set of best practices to navigate the projects where CIS concerns prohibit safety. To be able to fully integrate the safety way of working, i.e., information sharing and an inclusion culture, a revolt of current practices and ways of working within security is suggested.  </p><p><italic>Keywords: </italic>Safety, Information security, Cyber Security, Critical infrastructures, Critical systems development.  </p>
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